Identifying Solar Driving Sources of major geomagnetic storms
Jie Zhang &  Watanachak Poomvises
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
# Dst Peak Time
(UT)
(summary plot)
Dst
Ap
Kp
(all)
Solar Driver Type
(S, M, C,Q,N)
Flare

Filament
Corona

Surface
Source
Region
SW Driver Type
(SH, ICME or MC, CIR)
solar-wind
parameters
(e.g. SH/ICME
arrival time,
 speed)
(temporary)
SW Storm-Driving
Compoent
 (Bs)
(from IGR)
Colleagues'
Comments
Our
Comments


1996 (1)










1
1996/10/23 05:00 -105
154
7.3
(all)
C

EIT: CH
at S08E00




Coronal Hole
S08E00
CIR

SOHO:CELS         
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)



CIR


CIR















1997 (5)










2
1997/04/22 00:00
-107
56
5.3
(all)
S

1997/04/16 07:35
Vel: 87
Acc: 4.6
AW: 113; PA: 103
C2; C3
GOES: No-Fla

DSF S22E04
EIT: No-Fil
EIT: unknown
unknown
MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC


3
1997/05/15 13:00
-115
111
6.7
(all)
S

1997/05/12 05:30
Vel: 464
; Acc: -15.0
AW: 360; PA:halo
C2; C3
GOES: C1.3
S04:42


EIT: No-Fil
EIT: dimming;
wave; arcade; fare
at N20W07

NOAA AR8038
N20W07
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC


4
1997/10/11 04:00
-130
94
6.3
(all)
S

1997/10/06 15:28
Vel: 293; Acc: 15.9
AW: 174; PA: 139
C2; C3

GOES: No-Fla

DSF S54E46
EIT: Fil. Erup.
13:58; S27E20

EIT: Fil. Erup
17:32; S41E22

EIT: No-Dim, S27W05 (lolcation of one footpoint)
S27W05
Queit Sun
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC

5
1997/11/07 05:00
-110
132
7.0
(all)
S

1997/11/04 06:10
Vel: 785; Acc: -22.1
AW: 360, PA: Halo
C2; C3


GOES: X2.1
S05:52; S14W33




EIT: dimming;
wave; flare
at S18W31


NOAA AR8100

S14W33


SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC


6
1997/11/23 07:00
-108
154
7.3
(all)
S

LASCO data gap
from 11/19 14 UT
to 11/21 17 UT
GOES: C1.6;
S11/19 17:00
P19:10; E21:40 (GRF)

EIT:  data gap
from 11/19 14 UT to 21/17 UT

SXT: flare, eruption at N20E05
NOAA AR8108
N20E05

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)


SH+MC

Likely a CME associated with 11/19 17 UT flare from N20E05, AR 8108. A GRF flare almost assure a CME













1998 (12)










7
1998/02/18 01:00
-100
111
6.7
(all)
S

1998/02/12 15:55
Vel: 63; Acc: 2.6
AW: 126; PA: 9
C2; C3

GOES:


EIT: faint global dimming: 02/12 03:20 UT versus 21:20 UT


unknown
ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME
GOP, CR, DW chose 14/0655 CME
14/0655 too close to the ICME time.

02/12 15 UT CME was a gradual CME that  not necessarily had a disk signature
8
1998/03/10 21:00
-116
154
7.3
(all)
C


GOES:


EIT: CH S31E04

Coronal Hole S31E04
CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

CIR


9
1998/05/04 06:00
-205
300
8.7
(all)
M

1998/05/02 14:06
Vel: 938; Acc: -28.8
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(primary)
---------------------------

1998/05/01 23:40
Vel: 585; Acc: 8.0
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(involved)

1998/05/02 05:31
Vel: 542; Acc:-1.4
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(involved)


GOES: X1.1
S13:31; S15W15


EIT: image


--------------------------

 GOES: M1.2
S22:36


EIT: image

GOES: C5.4
S04:48







EIT: dimming; wave; flare; arcade at S13W17


-----------------------

EIT: dimming; flare; wave at S18W04


EIT: faint-dimming; flare;arcade at S19W09




NOAA AR8210
S15W15




-----------------------

NOAA AR8210
S18W04



NOAA AR8210
S19W09
SH(M)+ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+prec. ICME


10
1998/06/26 05:00
-101
94
6.3
(all)
M

1998/06/21 05:35
Vel: 192; Acc: 3.5
AW: 163; PA: 256
C2; C3

1998/06/22 07:34
Vel: 289; Acc: 6.7
AW: 119; PA: 191
C2; C3
(primary)


GOES: C2.7; S0439 at N17W25
(not associated)


GOES: No-Flare


EIT: image


EIT: Data-Gap





EIT: Data-Gap

 


Data-Gap





Data-Gap

ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC
IGR: storm driven by MC from the second CME
A long duration solar wind flow

Solar surface sources are not identified because of
EIT data gap

11
1998/08/06 12:00
-138
154
7.3
(all)
M

LASCO Data-Gap

GOES: no flare activity


Data Gap
MC+SH

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+prec. MC


12
1998/08/07 06:00
-108
80
6.0
(all)
C

Data-Gap

GOES: no flare activity
Data Gap
Data Gap
CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb

CIR


LASCO/EIT data gap due to SOHO down
13
1998/08/27 10:00
-155
207
8.0
(all)
S

Data-Gap

GOES: X1.0; S08/24 21:50 at N35E09


NOAA AR8307
N35E09
SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)


SH+ICME
IGY: clear solar event from SEP
LASCO/EIT data gap due to SOHO down

But SEP and GOES data show clear association
14
1998/09/25 10:00
-207
236
8.3
(all)
S

Data-Gap

GOES: M7.1; S09/23 06:40 at N18E09


NOAA AR8340
N18E09
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC
IGY: clear solar event from SEP
LASCO/EIT data gap due to SOHO down

But SEP and GOES data show clear assoication
15
1998/10/19 16:00
-112
111
6.7
(all)
S

1998/10/15 10:04
Vel: 362; Acc: 3.2
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3


GOES: No-Flare

EIT: image(CH)


EIT: slow filament eruption at  ~N20W05



Quiet Sun
~N20W05

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC

Low quality LASCO data

16
1998/11/08 07:00
-149
179
7.7
(all)
M

1998/11/04 07:54
Vel: 523; Acc: 19.6
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(primary)
---------------------------

1998/11/05  20:44
Vel: 1119; Acc: -24
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3


GOES: C1.6; S07:13 at N17W01
(may not associated)

EIT: image
--------------------------

GOES: M8.4; S19:00 at N22W18

EIT: image


EIT: arcade N32E00

dimming; flare at  N16W01 (may not associated)
-----------------------

EIT: dimming; wave; flare; arcade at N15W14


Queit Sun (?)
N32E00




-------------

NOAA AR8375
N22W18

SH+ICME+SH

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME+SH

Bs is mostly from ICME (from 11/04 07 CME), but is compressed bu
the following SH (originated from 11/05 20 CME). But the compression may not contribute to the storm

The source region of 11/04 07 CME may be AR8375 or from queit Sun
17
1998/11/09 18:00
-142
111
6.7
(all)
S

1998/11/05  20:44
Vel: 1119; Acc: -24
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3


GOES: M8.4; S19:00 at N22W18

EIT: image



EIT: dimming; wave; arcade; flare at N24W19


NOAA AR8375
N22W18
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC


18
1998/11/13 22:00
-131
80
6.0
(all)
S

1998/11/09 18:17
Vel: 325; Acc: 2.6
AW: 190; PA 330
C2;C3


GOES: gradual flare?

EIT: image



EIT: dimming; flare; arcade at N18E00


Quiet Sun
N18E00

ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)


MC

Dimming source is right in between two ARs













1999 (5)










19
1999/01/14 00:00
-112
132
7.0
(all)
S

Data-gap


Data Gap
SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME

LASCO/EIT data gap due to SOHO down
20
1999/02/18 10:00
-123
111
6.7
(all)
S

Data-gap

GOES: M3.2; S02/16 02:49 UT at S23W14



NOAA AR8458
S23W14

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC

LASCO/EIT data gap due to SOHO ESP

But a major X-ray flare at a favored location
21
1999/09/23 00:00
-173
207
8.0
(all)

S

1999/09/20 06:06
Vel: 604; Acc: -14.5
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3



GOES: C2.8; S05:46(?)

EIT: image  filament eruption at S21W05



EIT: dimming; post-eruption  arcade at S21W05



Quiet Sun S21W05




SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME

S21W05 is the  central location of erupting filament
22
1999/10/22 07:00
-237
207
8.0
(all)
S + C

1999/10/18 01:26
PA: 135; C2; C3
(not in catalog)

GOES:



EIT:
EIT: coronal hole at N16E31 at 10/19 07:13
EIT: dimming at S26E08
(and S00E38)


Quiet Sun
S26E08


Coronal Hole N16E31

SH+ICME + CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)


ICME+CIR


23
1999/11/13 23:00
-106
94
6.3
(all)
Multiple

LASCO data gap



Data Gap
ICME + SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+prec. ICME
IGR: multiple
LASCO  data gap from 11/08 to 11/11.
EIT showed no signature.













2000 (12)










24
2000/02/12 12:00
-133
111
6.7
(all)
S

2000/02/10 02:30
Vel: 944; PA: 11.4
AW: 360; PA halo
C2; C3



GOES: C7.3
S01:40

EIT: image


EIT:
dimming; wave; flare;arcade;
at N22E03



NOAA AR8858
N22E03
SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+ICME
IGR: one ICME
10-0230

Another  SH+ICME flow is preceding, but barely touched, and not contributing to the storm
25
2000/04/07 01:00
-288
300
8.7
(all)
S

2000/04/04 16:32
Vel: 1188; PA: 12.8
AW: 360; PA halo
C2; C3

GOES:C9.7
S15:12; N16W66

EIT: image

EIT:
dimming; wave; flare;arcade;
at N16W59

NOAA AR 8933
N16W66
SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH


26
2000/05/24 09:00
-147
207
8.0
(all)
M

?
?
?
ICME+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME+ICME
No apparent front-side halo CME sources. 05/20 14:50 halo CME, and 05/21 07:06 halo CME  both seem backside. 05/20 06:26 CME from the frontside, for not a halo. There are two symmetric and helical eruptions from northern and southern polar regions, but they are not halo , and source not  clear.
27
2000/07/16 01:00
-301
400
9.0
(all)
S

2000/07/14 10:54
Vel: 1674; Acc:-96
AW: 360; PA halo
C2; C3


GOES: X5.7
S10:03;at N22W07

EIT: image


EIT: dimming; wave; flare;arcade;
at N16W02


NOAA AR 9077
N22W07
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC


28
2000/08/11 07:00
-106
67
5.7
(all)
S

2000/08/08 15:54
Vel: 867; Acc: -16
AW: 143; PA: 317
C2; C3


GOES: C1.4; S15:38  (no  curve)

EIT: image



EIT: dimming; flare at N25W75



NOAA AR9105
N25W75
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC
IGY: skeptical about W71
skepticl about W71 source, but MC present
29
2000/08/12 10:00
-235
179
7.7
(all)
S

2000/08/09 16:30
Vel: 702;Acc: 2.8
AW: 360; PA halo
C2; C3


GOES: C2.3
S15:19;at N11W11


EIT: image


EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; filament; at N11W11


NOAA AR 9114
N11W11
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC


30
2000/09/18 00:00
-201
236
8.3
(all)
M

2000/09/16 05:18
Vel: 1215; Acc: -12
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3
(primary)
-------------------

2000/09/15 12:06
Vel: 633; Acc: -64
AW: 235; PA: 249
C2; C3
(involved)

2000/09/15 15:26
Vel: 481; Acc: -10.4
AW: 217; PA: >210
C2; C3
(involved)

2000/09/15 21:50
Vel: 285; Acc: 11.2
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3
(involved)



GOES:  M5.9; S04:06 at N14W07

EIT: image

------------------------

GOES: C9.5; S10:51 at N13E08

EIT: image


GOES: M2.0; S14:29 at N12E07

EIT: image


GOES: C7.4
S20:52; N12E04


EIT: image



EIT: dimming ; flare; arcade;
at N13W05



-----------------------

EIT: flare; dimming at N12E08



EIT: dimming ; flare; at N11E06




EIT: dimming ; flare; at N10E01





NOAA AR 9165
N14W07



-----------------------

NOAA AR9165
N13E08




NOAA AR9165
N12E07





NOAA AR9165
N12E04
ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH

CME 09/16 05:18 UT is the primary source. But other 3 CMEs are involved All 4 CMEs come from the same region. The last but fast one shall catch the three earlier CMEs.
31
2000/10/05 14:00
-182
179
7.7
(all)
Multiple

2000/09/29 21:50
Vel: 173; Acc: 8.8
AW: 274; PA: 114
C2; C3


2000/10/01 17:50
Vel: 586; Acc: -0.2
AW: 136; PA: 145
C2; C3




GOES: no flare

EIT: image



GOES: C5.0; S16:45  (not in NOAA catalog)

EIT: image



EIT: no signature





EIT: weak dimming; flare, arcade  at S27E33



unknown





Quiet Sun
S27E33
MC+SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+Prec. MC
CME 2000/09/29 21:50 may be the source of the first long duration MC. It is a gradual CME with unknown disk source.

S23E33 is the location of the centroid of post-eruption loop arcade
32
2000/10/14 15:00
-107
67
5.7
(all)
S

2000/10/09 23:50
Vel: 798; Acc: -9.8
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3



GOES: C6.7
S23:19; N01W14

EIT: image


EIT: dimming; wave; flare; arcade;
at S01W10


NOAA AR 9182
N01W14
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC


33
2000/10/29 04:00
-127
80
6.0
(all)
S

2000/10/25 08:26
Vel: 770; Acc: 17.4
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3

GOES: C4.0
; S08:45

EIT: image

EIT: weak dimming
EIT: arcade at N07W60


Quiet Sun
N06W60

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC

An intermediate CME: gradually accelerated but reach a high speed

Source region is QS region between two ARs
34
2000/11/06 22:00
-159
132
7.0
(all)
S

2000/11/03 18:26
Vel: 291; PA: 16.4
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3

GOES: No-Flare; but gradual incr.

EIT: image

EIT: No-Signature

Unknown
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC
IGR:
AR9213, N02W02

If this is the source, it is a major front-side halo CME without any EIT signature.

SXT showed large scale eruption at N10E10

35
2000/11/29 14:00
-119
111
6.7
(all)
multiple

2000/11/26 17:06
Vel: 980; Acc: 5.8
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2;C3
(primary)
----------------------------

2000/11/25 19:31
Vel: 671; Acc: -10.8
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2;C3
(involved)

GOES:  X4.0; S16:34 at N18W38

EIT: image

--------------------------

GOES: X1.9; S18:33 at N20W23

EIT: image


EIT: dimming; flare; wave; arcade
at N18W37



-------------------------

EIT: dimming; flare; wave; arcade
at N18W25


NOAA AR9236
N18W38



------------------------
NOAA AR 9236
N20W23
ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)


ICME(M)














2001 (13)










36
2001/03/20 14:00
-149
154
7.3
(all)
S

2001/03/16 03:50
Vel: 271; Acc: 2.6
AW: >281; PA: 7
C2; C3


GOES: no-flare

EIT: image


EIT:
dimming at N29E26; flare at N18W13; arcade?


unknown
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC

No apparent disk signature from EIT and SXT corresponding to the halo CME.

However, EIT shows large scale multiple eruptions?

37
2001/03/31 09:00
-387
300
8.7
(all)
M

2001/03/29 10:26
Vel: 942; Acc: 3.5
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3
(primary)
---------------------------

2001/03/28 12:50
Vel: 519; Acc: 4.4
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3
(involved)

GOES: X1.7
S09:59;at N20W19


EIT: image

--------------------------

GOES: M4.3
S11:21;at N18E02


EIT: image

EIT: dimming; wave; flare; arcade at N14W13


------------------------

EIT: flare;wave; no-dimming; at N16E03


NOAA AR9393
N20W19



------------------------

NOAA AR9393
N18E02
SH(M)+EJ(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH(M)+MC(M)


38
2001/04/12 00:00
-271
236
8.3
(all)
M

2001/04/10 05:30
Vel:2411; Acc: 211
AW:360; PA:halo
C2; C3
(primary)
--------------------------

2001/04/09 15:54
Vel: 1192; Acc: 1.3
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3


GOES: X2.3
S05:06; at S23W09




-------------------------

GOES: M7.9
S15:20; at S21W04


EIT: image


EIT: dimming;
wave; flare;
arcade;
at S18W07


------------------------

EIT: dimming;
flare; wave;arcade
at S21W05



NOAA AR9415
S23W09



-----------------------

NOAA AR9415
S21W04
SH(M)+MC(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH(M)


39
2001/04/18 07:00
-114
154
7.3
(all)
S

2001/04/15 14:06
Vel:1199; Acc:-35.9
AW: 167; PA: 245
C2; C3

GOES: X14.4
S13:36; S20W85



EIT: dimming;
flare; wave;
at S20W83

NOAA AR9415
S20W85
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH


40
2001/04/22 16:00
-102
94
6.3
(all)
S

2001/04/19 12:30
Vel:392; Acc: 13.8
AW: 129; PA: 291
C2; C3

GOES: No-Flare
DSF at N13W38

EIT: image

EIT:  slow-fil.  eruption at N19W22; No-dimming


Queit Sun
N19W22

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb

MC

The transit time is probably two short for this CME, considering the speed of CME &  ICME

The CME becomes faster in the outer corona

41
2001/08/17 22:00
-105
132
7.0
(all)
S

2001/08/14 16:01
Vel:618 ;Acc: -4.8
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3



GOES: C2.3; S11:30 at N16W36

EIT: image


EIT:  arcade
at N21W22



NOAA AR9577
N16W36
SH+EJ

SOHO: CELS

ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH

EIT and LASCO data gap at 08/14 from 01 to 16 UT
42
2001/09/26 02:00
-102
154
7.3
(all)
S

2001/09/24 10:30
Vel:2402;Acc: 54.1
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3


GOES: X2.6
S09:32; S16E23

EIT: image


EIT: dimming;
wacve; flare; arcade; at S18E28



NOAA AR9632
S16E23
SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH


43
2001/10/01 09:00
-148
80
6.0
(all)
S

2001/09/28 10:30
Vel:
655; Acc: 5.7
AW: 136; PA: 198
C2; C3



GOES: M2.4
S09:31;S18W36


EIT: image




EIT: dimming;
flare; wave; arcade; at S19W33



NOAA AR9628
S18W36




SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS

ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH

Why not CME 09/28 05:54 UT from N08E19  the source?
44
2001/10/03 15:00
-166
132
7.0
(all)
S

2001/09/29 11:54
Vel: 509; Acc: -12
AW: 216; PA: 114
C2; C3


GOES: M1.8; S10:19 at N13E03

EIT: image


EIT: flare; small dimming; wave no-arcade at N14E00



NOAA AR9636
N13E03
MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC


45
2001/10/21 22:00
-187
179
7.7
(all)
S

2001/10/19 16:50
Vel:
901; Acc: -0.7
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3


GOES: X1.6
S16:13; N15W29


EIT: image



EIT: dimming;
flare; wave;
arcade; at N15W30



NOAA AR 9661
N15W29

SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+ICME

What about CME 10/19 01:27 from the same region? Any solar wind signature? This CME decelerates close to the Sun
46
2001/10/28 12:00
-157
111
6.7
(all)
M

2001/10/24 06:26
Vel: 597; Acc: 4.6
AW 145, PA: 62
C2; C3

2001/10/25 15:26
Vel: 1092; Acc: -1.4
AW:360; PA: halo
C2; C3


GOES: C2.6 S05:41, S13E27


GOES: X1.3
S14:42; S18W19


EIT: image


EIT: flare S13E29



EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; arcade; at S17W22



NOAA AR 9675
S13E27



NOAA AR 9672
S18W19
MC+SH

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+prec. MC

Bs is created by SH running into a prceding MC, and bending the non-Bs into Bs
47
2001/11/06 07:00
-292
300
8.7
(all)
M

unknown

2001/11/04 16:35
Vel: 1810; PA:-63.4
AW:360; PA: halo
C2; C3


unknown

GEOS: X1.0; S16:03 at N06W18



EIT: data gap

EIT: data gap


unknown

NOAA AR 9684
N06W18
MC+SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+prec. MC
IGR: multiple
Need to find the solar source for the preceding MC.

EIT data gap from 11/03 to 11/05

48
2001/11/24 17:00
-221
236
8.3
(all)
M

2001/11/22 20:30
Vel:1443; Acc: -43
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3

2001/11/22 23:30
Vel:1437; Acc: -12
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3



GOES: M3.8
S20:18; S25W67


EIT: image

GOES: M9.9
S22:32; S14W36


EIT:
image




EIT:dimming;
wave; flare; arcade; at S25W63


EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; arcade
at S16W36



NOAA AR9698
S25W67



NOAA AR 9704
S14W36



SH(M)+ICME

SOHO: CELS

ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH(M)

multiple shocks in front of an ICME.

does this ICME correspond to 11/22 23:30 event?

11/21 14:06 CME from backside?

Polar crown filament eruption at 14 UT at N39W03 does not cause a halo CME visible in LASOC













2002 (14)










49
2002/03/24 10:00
-100
80
6.0
(all)
M

2002/03/19 11:54
Vel: 860; Acc: 0.7
AW:180; PA:260
C2; C3

2002/03/20 17:54
Vel: 603; Acc: -15.8
AW:180; PA:260
C2; C3



GOES: M1.0
S11:06;
S10W58

EIT: image

GOES: no flare

EIT: image
 


EIT:dimming;
wave; arcade; flare at S09W49


EIT: only arcada  S21W15



NOAA AR9866 S10W58




quiet Sun
S21W15
SH(M)+ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAW)

ICME(M)

For 03/20 17:54 CME, EIT showed a post-eruption arcade at S21W15, but no dimming

50
2002/04/18 08:00
-127
154
7.3
(all)
S

2002/04/15 03:50
Vel: 720; Acc: 2.1
AW:360; PA:halo
C2; C3


GOES: M1.2
S03:05;
S15W01

EIT: image


EIT: Flare; arcade
at S14W03





NOAA AR9906
S15W01


SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC


51
2002/04/20 09:00
-149
154
7.3
(all)
S

2002/04/17 08:26
Vel: 1240; Acc:-19.8
AW:360; PA halo
C2; C3


GOES: M2.6
S07:46; S14W34

EIT: image


EIT: dimming;
wave; flare
arcade;
at S11W34


NOAA AR9906
S14W34
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC


52
2002/05/11 20:00
-110
111
6.7
(all)
S

2002/05/08 13:50
Vel: 614; Acc: 78.9
AW:360; PA halo
C2: C3


GOES: C4.2
S12:58; S12W07


EIT: image


EIT: dimming
wave; flare; arcade
at  S11W07



NOAA AR9934
S12W07
SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH

ICME signature is weak, even though source is close to center
53
2002/05/23 18:00
-109
236
8.3
(all)
M
2002/05/22 00:06
Vel: 1246; Acc: 14.2
AW:186; PA: 230
C2; C3

2002/05/22 03:50
Vel: 1557; Acc:-10.4
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2: C3

EIT: image

GOES: C9.7
S23:14; S25W64

GOES C5.0
S03:18; S22W53


EIT: dimming
flare; at S21W68




EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; loop arcade;
at S19W53

NOAA AR9948
S25W64



NOAA AR0000
S22W53
SH(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH(M)
G-Y, C-R:
02/22 03:50
ICME signature is weak
54
2002/08/02 06:00
-102
80
6.0
(all)
M

2002/07/29 12:07
Vel: 562; Acc: -4.3
AW:154; PA: 332
C2; C3


2002/07/29 23:30
Vel: 360; Acc: 2.8
AW: 130; PA: 351
C2; C3



GOES: M4.7; S10:27
(not associated, coincidence)

EIT: image



GOES


EIT: dimming and brightening at N34W36



EIT: no sigature

Quiet-Sun N34W36




unknown
SH(M)+ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+ prec.ICME

not sure about the CME source regions; The M4.7 flare at S10:27 may not be associated with the first CME.
The storm is mainly contributed from the second ICME. The association with flares is by chance
55
2002/08/21 07:00
-106
94
6.3
(all)
S

2002/08/18 21:54
Vel: 682; Acc: 1.9
AW: 203; PA: 140
C2; C3


GOES: M2.2
S21:12; S12W19


EIT: image


EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; arcade
at S12W19



NOAA AR0069
S12W19
ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME
G-Y: no
C-R: 08/16 12:30

Is the observed speed of this CME too slow, since the required average transit speed is 950 km/s?
56
2002/09/04 06:00
-109
94
63
(all)
C
CIR





EIT: CH at S15E05 at 08/30 20:12 UT

Coronal Hole
S15E05
CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SWE

CIR

EIT data gap from 08/31 to 09/03
57
2002/09/08 01:00
-181
154
7.3
(all)
S

2002/09/05 16:54
Vel: 1748; Acc: 43.0
AW:360; PA:halo
C2; C3


GOES: C5.2
S16:31; at N09E28


EIT: image


EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; loop arcade;

at N11E29


NOAA AR0102
N11E28

SH

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SWE

SH
G-Y: agree
C-R: agree

IGR: multiple, SH+prec. ICME

58
2002/10/01 17:00
-176
154
7.3
(all)
S

2002/09/26 01:31
Vel: 178; Acc: 5.1
AW: 202; PA: 3
C2; C3




GOES:No-Flare







EIT: CH at N34E11


unknown




Coronal Hole
 ~N34E11

MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SWE

MC
DB: 9/27 event
(this is a narrow CME AW 40 in both C2/C3)
09/26 01:31 CME is a gradual event; the halo CME is getting strong and more prominant in C3.

The MC may ride on a CIR
59
2002/10/04 09:00
-146
154
7.3
(all)
S

2002/09/30 02:30
Vel: 258;
AW> 120; PA: 225
C2; C3
(not in catalog)


GOES: No-Flare

EIT: image


EIT:  large arcade and eruption  at S17W17



Quiet Sun
~S17W17

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SW



MC

The CME is not in the NRL catalog, a very dim CME, but EIT eruption is prominent
60
2002/10/07 08:00
-115
80
6.0
(all)
C



EIT: Coronal Hole at S06W02 at 10/05 06:48 UT


Coronal Hole
 ~S06W02

CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SWE

CIR

Several partial halo CMEs in the search window, but all seems backside
61
2002/10/14 14:00
-100
67
5.7
(all)
C




EIT: coronal hole at S28E01 at 10/11 00:05 UT

Coronal Hole
~S28E01

CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SW

CIR

LASCO gap on 10/10
62
2002/11/21 11:00
-128
111
6.7
(all)
C



EIT: Coronal hole at S04W06 at 11/19 00:21 UT


Coronal Hole
 ~S04W06
CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MFI; SWE
WIND:
MFI; SWE

CIR

EIT data gap from 11/15-11/18













2003 ( 8)










63
2003/05/30 03:00
-131
236
8.3
(all)
M

2003/05/28 00:50
Vel: 1366; Acc: 25.9
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(primary)
----------------------------

2003/05/27 23:50
Vel: 964; Acc: -9..6
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(involved)


2003/05/27 06:50
Vel: 509; Acc: -14.6
AW: 360, PA: Halo
C2; C3
(involved)






GOES: X3.6
S00:17



-------------------------

GOES: X1.3
S22:56: S07W17
Data Gap



GOES: M1.6
S05:06;S07W14

Data Gap





EIT 304:
flare
at S11W12


------------------------

EIT 304:
flare
at S09W19



EIT 304:
 ribbon
at S06W15






NOAA AR0365
S11W12


-----------------------

NOAA AR0365
S07W17




NOAA AR0365
S07W14


SH(M)+ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH(M)

ICME signature is weak. Mainly shock components.
64
2003/06/18 10:00
-145
111
6.7
(all)
M

2003/06/15 23:54
Vel: 2053; Acc: -0.9
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(primary)

----------------------

2003/06/14 01:54
Vel: 875; Acc: 16.0
AW: 195; PA: 26
C2; C3


GOES: X1.3
S23:25; S07E80



---------------------


GEOS: no flare

EIT: arcade



EIT: dimming;
wave; flare;
arcade
at P96 above the limb

-------------------------


EIT: giant arcade
at N22W15



NOAA  AR0386
S07E80



------------------------


QS N22W15
SH(M)+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+prec. ICME

CME 06/15 produced a strong shock, which  compressed the preceding ICME originated from CME 06/14


65
2003/07/12 06:00
-118
111
6.7
(all)
C

GOES: No-Fla


EIT: CH
at N03W14


Coronal Hole
N03W14
CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

CIR


66
2003/07/16 13:00
-117
80
6.0
(all)
C



EIT: CH
at N05W01


Coronal Hole
 N05W01



CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)




67
2003/08/18 16:00
-168
154
7.3
(all)
S

2003/08/14 20:06
Vel: 378; Acc: 4.37
AW:360; PA:halo
C2; C3

GOES No-Fla

EIT: image


EIT
: No-Dim;
No any sign



Unknown
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC


68
2003/10/30 01:00
-363
400
9.0
(all)
S

2003/10/28 11:30
Vel: 2459; Acc: -105
AW:360; PA:halo
C2; C3


GOES: X17.2
S09:51;  S16E08

EIT: image


EIT:
flare (at S19E03)


NOAA AR0486
S16E08
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC

SH caused the first dip at 10/29 08 (Dst -180), and the MC caused the second, major dip at 10/30 01
69
2003/10/30 23:00
-401
400
9.0
(all)
S

2003/10/29 20:54
Vel: 2029 ;Acc: -146.5
AW:360 ;PA:halo
C2; C3


GOES: X10.0
S20:37; S15W02


EIT: image


EIT:
flare; wave;
at S19W04


NOAA AR0486
S15W02
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH


70
2003/11/20 20:00
-472
300
8.7
(all)
S

2003/11/18 08:50

Vel: 1660; Acc: -3.3
AW: 360; PA:halo
C2; C3


GOES: M3.9
S08:12; N00E18


DSF S04E16
EIT: image


EIT:
Dimming; Flare;
wave; at S01E14



NOAA AR0501
N00E18
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND:
MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC















2004 (9)










71
2004/01/22 14:00
-149
132
7.0
(all)
S

2004/01/20 00:06
Vel: 965; Acc: 17.2
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3


GOES: C5.5; S04/19 22:02

EIT: image


EIT: dimming; arcade
at S13W11


NOAA AR0540
S13W11
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC


72
2004/02/11 18:00
-109
94
6.3
(all)
C


EIT:  CH N00E17 at 02/08 18:00 UT


Coronal Hole
N00E17
CIR

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

CIR

Why is not CH at the central meridian 72 hr earlier?
73
2004/04/04 01:00
-108
94
6.3
(all)
N
Data-gap


Data Gap
SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH

EIT data gap and intermittent LASCO data gap.
74
2004/07/23 03:00
-104
132
7.0
(all)
S

2004/07/20 13:31
Vel: 710; Acc: 16.6
AW: 360; PA: halo
C2; C3



GOES: M8.6
S12:22; N10E35

EIT: image



EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; arcade; at N10E32




N10E35
NOAA AR 0652


SH+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME


75
2004/07/25 12:00
-150
207
8.0
(all)
M

2004/07/22 08:30
Vel: 899; Acc: -12.6
AW: 132; PA: 193
C2; C3
(primary)
--------------------

2004/07/22 01:31
Vel: 492; Acc: 0.3
AW: 83; PA: 184
C2;C3
(invovled)

2004/07/23 07:31
Vel: 459; Acc: 17.1
AW: 138; PA: 255
C2; C3
(involved)

2004/07/23 17:54
Vel: 569; Acc: -8.1
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3
(involved)




GOES: C5.3
S07:41


EIT: image
-----------------------

GOES: M9.1; S00:14 at N03E17

EIT: image


GOES: C4.1; S07:17 at N03W03

EIT: image


GOES: C4.1; S18:02 at N05W05

EIT: image



EIT: dimming;
wave; flare;
at N02E08


---------------------


EIT: dimming, wave; flare at N03E13




EIT: flare at N01W05



EIT: dimming; flare; at N01W09



N02E08
NOAA AR0652


----------------------

N03E13
NOAA AR0652




N03W03
NOAA AR0652




N05W05
NOAA AR0652
SH(M)+ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC

Other ICMEs just before and after the storm-driven MC
76
2004/07/27 14:00
-182
300
8.7
(all)
S

2004/07/25 14:54
Vel: 1333; Acc:7.0
AW: 360; PA: Halo
C2; C3


GOES: M1.1; S13:37 at N04W30

EIT: image


EIT: dimming; wave; flare; arcade at S00W31



N04W30
NOAA AR0652

SH+MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

SH+MC

Storm mainly driven by the MC
77
2004/08/30 23:00
-129
132
7.0
(all)
S

2004/08/25 13:31
Vel: 108; Acc: 4.5
AW: 182; PA: 136
C2; C3


GOES: no flare

EIT: image


EIT: no signature



unknown
MC

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

MC

a west-limb gradual CME with unknown surface source. 08/26 12 UT event can not be the source because of transit time require a faster speed than possible
78
2004/11/08 07:00
-373
300
8.7
(all)
M

2004/11/06 02:06
Vel:1111; Acc: 18.8
AW:>214 PA:351
C2; C3
(primary)
--------------------------

2004/11/04 23:30
Vel: 1055; Acc: -1.9
AW:.293 PA:338
C2; C3
(involved)


GOES: M9.3
S00:11; N09E05

EIT: image

--------------------------

GOES: M5.4
S22:53; N08E18

EIT: image



EIT: dimming;
wave; arcade; flare at N09E05



-----------------------

EIT: dimming;
wave; arcade; flare  at N07E16



NOAA AR 0696
N09E05





NOAA AR 0696
N08E18
SH(M)+ICME(M)

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME

compound flow associated with multiple CMEs

79
2004/11/10 10:00
-289
300
8.7
(all)
M

2004/11/08 03:54
Vel:461; Acc:7.8
AW:360 PA:halo
C2; C3
(primary?)
-----------------------

2004/11/07 16:54
Vel:1759;Acc: -19.7
AW:360 PA:halo
C2; C3
(involved)



GOES: C7.9
S03:25; N08W28

EIT: image


----------------------

GOES: X2.0
S15:42; N09W17

EIT: image



EIT: dimming;
wave; flare; at N05W24



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EIT: dimming;
wave; arcade; flare at N08W16



NOAA AR 0696
N08W20



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NOAA AR 0696
N09W17

SH(M)+ICME

SOHO: CELS
ACE: MAG; SWEPAM
WIND: MFI; SWE
(CDAWeb)

ICME
Why not the 11/07 16:53 more energetic event be the primary source (IRG)?
Two fast shocks meant two fast CMEs, and first comes first. Possibe that 11.08 03 CME started slow, but continued accelerated in C3 into a very high speed, which was consistent with its slow-rising flare counterpart



Note:
1. A major geomagnetic storm is defined as at the peak time Dst index is less than -100.
2. Column 4, solar driver types: S (sinlge front-side halo CME), M (multiple front-side halo CMEs), C (Coronal hole or CIR), Q (Questionable event, no apparent source even though all data are present), N (not-applicable, e.g., data-gap or poor data).
3. In Column 8, solar wind driver types: SH (shock and/or shock sheath),  MC (magnetic cloud), ICME (interplanetary CME, or ejecta, including MC-like structure and other non-MC structure originated from solar CME, MC is a subset of ICME), CIR (Corotating interaction region), and their combination.

4. In Column 10, solar wind storm-driving component (the structure in the solar wind transient flow that holds Bs and drivers the geomagnetic storm): SH (shock and/or shock sheath),  MC (magnetic cloud), ICME, CIR (Corotating interaction region), and their combination.
5. '?': controversial and questionable, need further verification and consensus

Last Modified: May 03, 2006